BANKRUPTCY VIDEOS
- Introduction to Bankruptcy
- Types of Bankruptcy
- Limits of Bankruptcy
- Filing for Bankruptcy
- Meeting of Creditors
- Bankruptcy Court Hearings
- The Bankruptcy Discharge
- The New Bankruptcy Law
- The Credit Damage Myth
- Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Explained
- Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Explained
How Bankruptcy Law Protects You
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Does filing for bankruptcy mean I am a bad person?
Absolutely not. Look, we know you want to pay your bills. We also know you want to take care of your family and provide them the things they need. However, if you can’t do both due to current circumstances, which is more important? The banks and lenders or your family? Of course your family is more important.
By filing for bankruptcy, you eliminate certain debts thus freeing up money to take proper care of your family. This allows you to place things in proper order, meaning putting your family first. Placing your family first is the proper and honorable thing to do. Taking care of your family first makes you a good person not a bad person.
Nearly one million families file bankruptcy each year. This is not because they are bad people. Many good, honest, hard-working people fall on hard times. Loss of jobs, unexpected medical problems or medical emergencies, failed businesses, and divorces are part of life. Life can get tough at times. Our government is aware of this and that is why they created bankruptcy laws to protect citizens in these situations. It allows families to escap crushing and destructive debt. Filing bankruptcy usually is a decision to place your family first and get a fresh start. -
What is a chapter 7 bankruptcy?
Chapter 7 Bankruptcy results in a Federal Court Order discharging you of personal liability from certain debts. This means that you are no longer required by law to pay the debts that are discharged. The discharge order permanently prevents your creditors from attempting to collect discharged debts, including legal action and communications with you, such as telephone calls, letters, etc.
The Chapter 7 Discharge Order relieves you of personal liability for all debts that are discharged. However, a valid lien (a secured interest in property by a creditor) that has not been avoided (made unenforceable) in the bankruptcy case will remain in effect after the discharge. Consequently, a secured creditor may enforce the lien to recover the property secured by the lien if the debt is not paid.
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Why do people file a chapter 7 bankruptcy?
Often divorce, unemployment, unexpected medical expenses, or unexpected injury causes people to seek protection from creditors by filing chapter 7 bankruptcy. Usually, Chapter 7 Bankruptcy is selected by people that have a large amount of unsecured debt such as credit card debt, personal loans or medical expenses that they are no longer able to pay. This is the simplest form of Bankruptcy and typically results in a discharge order within a matter of months. Because this discharge is simple and quick, it is selected by most people.
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What is chapter 13 bankruptcy?
A Chapter 13 Bankruptcy is a process that lasts 3 to 5 years. Chapter 13 requires you to file a plan showing how you will pay off some of your past due and current debts over the tree to five year period. Chapter 13 differs from Chapter 7 in that it allows you to keep valuable property, like your home or car, even if you are behind on payments, non exempt equity and property tat is not exempt. Your payments under the Chapter 13 plan you file typically cover your monthly payments on your secured debts and an extra amount if you need to get caught up because you are behind on your payments when you file.
People also file Chapter 13 if they have valuable property not covered by an exemption that they want to keep. If you are behind on secured loan payments, such as a home or car, Chapter 13 Bankruptcy allows you to make up these payments over time while keeping your home or car.
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Is it difficult to file for bankruptcy?
Bankruptcy law is very complicated. So, it would be extremely difficult for you to file on your own. However, it is easy to do with the assistance of an experienced Bankruptcy Lawyer. Once you have made the decision to file bankruptcy, our law firm will make the filing process easy for you.
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Can I keep my home and car when I file bankruptcy?
In a Chapter 7, you are able to keep your home and/or car so long as you are current on your payments. You will not lose your home or car during your bankruptcy case as long as your equity in the property is fully exempt. If your property is not fully exempt you may still be able to keep your property by filing a chapter 13 bankruptcy instead of a chapter 7 bankruptcy.
You also keep your home and/or car in a chapter 13 so long as you can make your payments. If you are delinquent but can make your payments, you can build in your delinquent balance into the Chapter 13 plan. If you have non-exempt equity in your property, you can still keep your property so long as your Chapter 13 plan pays the equivalent of the non-exempt equity you have in your home or car and any amount you are behind on your home or car loan over the course of the three to five year plan.
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What debt will bankruptcy not erase?
Some of the debts Bankruptcy will not wipe out are:
- child support, alimony, fines, and some taxes;
- debts not listed on your bankruptcy petition;
- debts obtained by fraud, i.e., knowingly giving false information to a creditor, who reasonably relied on it in making you the loan;
- debts such as judgments resulting from "willful and malicious" harm;
- student loans insured by government unless the court finds paying creates an undue hardship; (See Below for more information regarding student loans) -
Can get rid of my student loans by filing bankruptcy?
Generally, student loans are not discharged in bankruptcy. However, there are two exceptions:
1. The student loan may be discharged if it is neither "insured or guaranteed by a governmental unit" nor "made under any program funded in whole or in part by a governmental unit or non-profit institution."
2. The student loan may be discharged if paying the loan will "impose an undue hardship on the debtor and the debtor's dependents."
It is extremely difficult to have student loans eliminated because of an undue hardship. If you satisfy one of these two exceptions, you will likely need to file an adversary proceeding in to get a court order discharging the debt.
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Can one person in a marriage file for bankruptcy without the other spouse?
Yes, however, this only eliminates relieves the filer’s from his or her obligations. The non-filing spouse will remain liable for all joint debts. It may be advantages for only one person to file where one spouse has debts, or one spouse has debts that are not dischargeable. If joint debts are involved, the fact that one spouse discharged the debt may show on the other spouses credit report.
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How does bankruptcy affect co-signers?
The discharge order only relieves you from having to pay your debt not any co-signers. Consequently, any person that co-signed a loan with remains responsible for the debt. It is advisable to list co-signers as creditors in your bankruptcy since they may have a contingent claim against you.
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Can I pick and choose which debts and property I want to list in my bankruptcy?
You cannot. Doing so would be against the law. Bankruptcy Law requires you to list all your property and all your debts. Some people want to leave out a debt because it is their intent pay it. The good news is that you can choose to keep paying on a debt that was discharged in Bankruptcy. However, the underlying legal obligation to pay it has been removed.
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Can I still pay a debt after it has been discharged in Bankruptcy?
Yes, you may voluntarily repay any discharged debt. You can repay a discharged debt even though it is not legally enforceable. Sometimes people repay discharged debt because it’s owed to a family member or to keep valuable relationships intact such as a family doctor.
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Does filing bankruptcy stop bill collectors from calling?
Yes. The automatic stay prevents bill collectors from taking any action to collect debts.
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How long after filing bankruptcy will the creditors stop calling?
Once a creditor or bill collector becomes aware of a filing for bankruptcy protection, it must immediately stop all collection efforts. After you file the bankruptcy petition, the court mails a notice to all the creditors listed in your bankruptcy schedules. This usually takes a couple of weeks. Creditors will also stop calling if you inform them that you filed the bankruptcy petition, and supply them with your case number. In some cases, you or your attorney should contact the creditor immediately upon filing the bankruptcy petition, especially if a law suit is pending. If a creditor continues to use collection tactics once informed of the bankruptcy they may be liable for court sanctions and attorney fees for this conduct.
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What property can I keep after I file bankruptcy?
In a chapter 7 case, you can keep all the property which is exempt from the claims of creditors. In determining whether property is exempt, you must keep a few things in mind. The value of property is not the amount you paid for it, but what it is worth now. Generally the trustee is interested in the resale value of your property so for most personal effects this is the garage sale value of your property.
You also only need to look at your equity in property. This means that you count your exemptions against the full value minus any money that you owe on mortgages or liens. For example, if you own a $50,000 house with a $40,000 mortgage, you count your exemptions against the $10,000 equity you have in the home. While your exemptions allow you to keep property even in a chapter 7 case, your exemptions do not make any difference to the right of a mortgage holder or car loan creditor to take the property to cover the debt if you are behind. If you are behind in payments and can afford to make the loan payment and to make the amount you are behind over a period of three to five years you should consider a chapter 13 bankruptcy.
In a chapter 13 case, you can keep all of your property if your plan meets the requirements of the bankruptcy law. In most cases you will have to pay the mortgages or liens as you would if you didn't file bankruptcy.
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What is “exempt” property?
Exempt property is property that state or federal law specifically prevents creditors from taking if they were to sue you and get a judgement against you. They are specifically listed in state and federal statutes. In Arizona, the state statute applies. For a partial list, see “Arizona Exemptions.”.
When determining whether your property is exempt, you must understand the value of property means the current liquid market value. That is, the value of property is not the amount you paid for it, but what it is worth now. Usually, the trustee is interested in the immediate resale value of your property. Thus, for most personal effects this is the garage sale value of your property.
You also need to understand that the exemptions apply to your equity in property. This means you calculate your exemptions against the full value minus any money that you owe on the property such as mortgages or liens. For example, if you own a house worth $100,000 with a $40,000 mortgage, you count your exemptions against the $60,000 equity in your home.
Understand that your exemptions allow you to keep property. However, they do not affect the right of a mortgage holder or lien holder to take the property to cover the debt if you fall behind on payments -
Will filing bankruptcy affect my credit?
There is no clear answer to this question. Unfortunately, if you are behind on your bills, your credit may already be bad. Bankruptcy will probably not make things any worse. The fact that you filed bankruptcy, if properly explained, may be less damaging than a history of unpaid accounts.
The fact that you have filed a bankruptcy will appear on your credit record for ten years. But since bankruptcy wipes out your old debts, you are likely to be in a better position to pay your current bills, and you may be able to get new credit. The best way to restore your credit is to obtain new credit and make the payments on the new debt on time.
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Can I get a credit card after filing bankruptcy?
Yes, there are several options available. While technically not a credit card you could use a bank or debit card to perform activities for which you normally would use a credit card. You also may be able to keep the credit card you already have if the creditor grants approval. If these options do not work you can get secured credit card which is backed by your own bank account.
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Can I get credit after filing bankruptcy?
Truthfully, if your credit is already bad, you are more likely to get credit after filing bankruptcy, than if you didn’t. Filing bankruptcy eliminates debt. Eliminating debt makes you look more attractive to banks, credit card companies and other lenders. Once you reestablish a timely payment history with less debt than before, you are a far better credit risk than you were before you filed bankruptcy.
Many of our clients get credit card offers after receiving their bankruptcy discharge. Initially, banks, credit card companies and other lenders will want more money down and will charge you higher interest rates. But, so long as you: are careful, keep your job, start saving money, pay your bills, and do things that put good marks on your credit report, the quality of your credit will get better and better over time. If you have not re-established your credit in 2 to 4 years, to be able to buy or refinance a home, it's not because you filed bankruptcy. It usually means something else has happened after the bankruptcy that damaged your credit. -
What is a Discharge in Bankruptcy?
Under the federal bankruptcy statute, a discharge is a release of the debtor from personal liability for certain specified types of debts. In other words, the debtor is no longer required by law to pay any debts that are discharged. The discharge operates as a permanent order directed to the creditors of the debtor that they refrain from taking any form of collection action on discharged debts, including legal action and communications with the debtor, such as telephone calls, letters, and personal contacts. Although a debtor is relieved of personal liability for all debts that are discharged, a valid lien (i.e., a charge upon specific property to secure payment of a debt) that has not been avoided (i.e., made unenforceable) in the bankruptcy case will remain after the bankruptcy case. Therefore, a secured creditor may enforce the lien to recover the property secured by the lien.
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When does the Discharge occur?
The timing of the discharge varies, depending on the chapter under which the case is filed. In a chapter 7 (liquidation) case, for example, the court usually grants the discharge promptly on expiration of the time fixed for filing a complaint objecting to discharge and the time fixed for filing a motion to dismiss the case for substantial abuse (60 days following the first date set for the 341 meeting). Typically, this occurs about four months after the date the debtor files the petition with the clerk of the bankruptcy court. In chapter 11 (reorganization) cases, the discharge occurs upon confirmation of a chapter 11 plan. In cases under chapter 12 (adjustment of debts of a family farmer) and 13 (adjustment of debts of an individual with regular income), the court grants the discharge as soon as practicable after the debtor completes all payments under the plan. Since a chapter 12 or chapter 13 plan may provide for payments to be made over three to five years, the discharge typically occurs about four years after the date of filing.
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How does the Debtor get a Discharge?
Unless there is litigation involving objections to the discharge, the debtor will automatically receive a discharge. The Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure provide for the clerk of the bankruptcy court to mail a copy of the order of discharge to all creditors, the United States trustee, the trustee in the case, and the trustee’s attorney, if any. The debtor and the debtor’s attorney also receive copies of the discharge order. The notice, which is simply a copy of the final order of discharge, is not specific as to those debts determined by the court to be nondischargeable, i.e., not covered by the discharge. The notice informs creditors generally that the debts owed to them have been discharged and that they should not attempt any further collection. They are cautioned in the notice that continuing collection efforts could subject them to punishment for contempt. Any inadvertent failure on the part of the clerk to send the debtor or any creditor a copy of the discharge order promptly within the time required by the rules does not affect the validity of the order granting the discharge.
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Does the Debtor have the right to a Discharge or can Creditors object to the Discharge?
In chapter 7 cases, the debtor does not have an absolute right to a discharge. An objection to the debtor’s discharge may be filed by a creditor, by the trustee in the case, or by the United States trustee. Creditors receive a notice shortly after the case is filed that sets forth much important information, including the deadline for objecting to the discharge. A creditor who desires to object to the debtor’s discharge must do so by filing a complaint in the bankruptcy court before the deadline set out in the notice. Filing of a complaint starts a lawsuit referred to in bankruptcy as an “ adversary proceeding.” A chapter 7 discharge may be denied for any of the reasons described in section 727(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, including the transfer or concealment of property with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors; destruction or concealment of books or records; perjury and other fraudulent acts; failure to account for the loss of assets; violation of a court order; or an earlier discharge in a chapter 7 or 11 case commenced within six years before the date the petition was filed. If the issue of the debtor’s right to a discharge goes to trial, the objecting party has the burden of proving all the facts essential to the objection.
In chapter 12 and chapter 13 cases, the debtor is entitled to a discharge upon completion of all payments under the plan. The Bankruptcy Code does not provide grounds for objecting to the discharge of a chapter 12 or chapter 13 debtor. Creditors can object to confirmation of the repayment plan, but cannot object to the discharge if the debtor has completed making plan payments.
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Can the Discharge be revoked?
A discharge can be revoked under certain circumstances. For instance, a trustee, creditor, or the United States trustee may request that the court revoke the debtor’s discharge in a chapter 7 case based on allegations that the debtor obtained the discharge fraudulently; the debtor failed to disclose the fact that he or she acquired or became entitled to acquire property that would constitute property of the bankruptcy estate; or the debtor committed one of several acts of impropriety described in section 727(a)(6) of the Bankruptcy Code. Typically, a request to revoke the debtor’s discharge must be filed within one year after the granting of the discharge or, in some cases, before the date that the case is closed. It is up to the court to determine whether such allegations are true and, if so, to revoke the discharge. In a chapter 13 case, if confirmation of a plan or the discharge is obtained through fraud, the court can revoke the order of confirmation or discharge.


